This study reconstructs the life history of Paramount Chief Kalonga Gawa Undi X of the Chewa speaking people of Zambia's Eastern Province. Born in 1931, he played a key role in the nationalist movement in Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) in the late 1950s and early 1960s and participated in the constitutional talks in England at the height of the struggle for political freedom. Throughout his life, he successfully fought to preserve the power and authority of traditional leaders, thereby confounding attempts by both colonial governments and African urban elites to undermine chiefly prerogative and power. With this study, the author asks us to rethink the standard historical accounts of the role of traditional leaders in African independence.