The book describes the history of Brassica oilseed crops, introduces the Brassica genome, its evolution, diversity, classical genetic studies, and breeding. It also delves into molecular genetic linkage and physical maps, progress with genome sequencing initiatives, mutagenesis approaches for trait improvement, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics. The concluding portion provides detailed methods for whole genome marker assisted breeding and the genetics and genomics of important traits including disease resistance, herbivory, insect and abiotic stress resistance, and discusses the future prospects for Brassica improvement through genomics. This volume provides a state-of-the-moment view of current Brassica genetics, genomics, and breeding research, which is the foundation for the continued understanding of oilseed Brassica species, their genomes, evolution, and further potential as important food and biofuel crops.