This book focuses on the scientific analysis of a specific injustice faced by women regarding their right to water for agricultural production. This research provided an opportunity to master the scientific tools, standards, and methods needed to universally establish the findings that underpin its analysis of society and justify its mobilization against what undermines its harmony: inequality. Through this study, RADI and its partners in Niger-the Laboratory for Studies and Research on Social Dynamics and Development (LASDEL)-and in Mauritania-the Network of Civil Society Organizations for the Promotion of Citizenship (RPC)-with the support and participation of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), IDRC-Canada, scientifically document the denial of economic rights suffered by women in the distribution of water for agricultural production within irrigated areas. This publication also serves as a tool for civil society by demonstrating how to scientifically address an issue based on findings established according to irrefutable universal standards, thereby providing a basis for mobilizing advocacy efforts.