This is a literal translation of the second book of Cicero's Philippic Orations. Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, and academic skeptic who tried to uphold republican principles in the final years of the Roman Republic. His writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy, and politics, and he is renowned for his eloquent speeches and letters.

The Philippics are a series of speeches delivered by Cicero in 44-43 BC, denouncing Mark Antony. Modeled on Demosthenes's orations against Philip II of Macedon, they represent Cicero's last great effort to defend the Roman Republic against the ambitions of a powerful general. This translation offers readers access to Cicero's powerful rhetoric and provides insight into the political turmoil of the late Roman Republic.

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